Since the term "congregation" in the later verse refers to the ten spies, so too in the former verse: "You shall be holy" refers to a "congregation" of ten. Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say to them: You shall be holy ( Leviticus 19:2)
The Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah 4:4) offers two sources for the requirement, also using a gezerah shavah: How long shall I bear with this evil congregation which murmur against me? ( Numbers 14:27)įrom this combination, the Talmud concludes that "sanctification" should occur in the "midst" of a "congregation" of ten. The term "congregation" is also used in another verse that describes the ten spies who brought back a negative report of the Land of Israel: Separate yourselves from the midst of the congregation ( Numbers 16:21) The Babylonian Talmud ( Megillah 23b) derives the requirement of a minyan of ten shomer Shabbat for Kiddush Hashem and Devarim she-Bikdusha, "matters of sanctity", by combining three scriptural verses using the rule of gezerah shavah:Īnd I shall be sanctified in the midst of the children of Israel ( Leviticus 22:32)
The word is related to the Aramaic word mene, numbered, appearing in the writing on the wall in Daniel 5:25. The word minyan itself comes from the Hebrew root maneh מנה meaning to count or to number. The source for the requirement of minyan is recorded in the Talmud. Minyan Ma'ariv prayer in a Jaffa Tel Aviv flea-market shop Sources
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